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TauCeti.LinearAlgebra.IntegralLattice.OrthogonalSum

Orthogonal sums of integral lattices #

The orthogonal sum has product carrier and block-diagonal form. This file constructs the lattice, its canonical carrier maps and product bases, and proves several invariant laws: rank is additive, Gram matrices are block diagonal, determinant and discriminant are multiplicative, and evenness and nondegeneracy are componentwise. Orthogonal sums are functorial under lattice isometries and are associative and commutative up to canonical lattice isometry. The radical is the product of the component radicals, and the signature is componentwise additive.

Main definitions #

References #

The block-diagonal bilinear form on a product, with the two factors orthogonal.

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    theorem TauCeti.IntegralLattice.orthogonalSumForm_apply {V : Type u} {W : Type v} [AddCommGroup V] [Module V] [AddCommGroup W] [Module W] (L : IntegralLattice V) (M : IntegralLattice W) (p q : V × W) :
    ((L.orthogonalSumForm M) p) q = (L.form p.1) q.1 + (M.form p.2) q.2

    Evaluation of the block-diagonal form is the sum of the component pairings.

    The orthogonal sum of two integral lattices.

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      The quadratic map of the block-diagonal form is the product of the component quadratic maps.

      The carrier of an orthogonal sum is canonically the product of the carrier types.

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        The canonical inclusion of the first carrier into an orthogonal sum.

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          The canonical inclusion of the second carrier into an orthogonal sum.

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            The canonical first projection from the carrier of an orthogonal sum.

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              The canonical second projection from the carrier of an orthogonal sum.

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                The first projection of the first inclusion is the identity.

                The first projection of the second inclusion is zero.

                The second projection of the first inclusion is zero.

                The second projection of the second inclusion is the identity.

                A vector in an orthogonal sum is the sum of the inclusions of its two projections.

                noncomputable def TauCeti.IntegralLattice.orthogonalSumBasis {V : Type u} {W : Type v} [AddCommGroup V] [Module V] [AddCommGroup W] [Module W] {I : Type w} {J : Type x} (L : IntegralLattice V) (M : IntegralLattice W) (e : Module.Basis I L.carrier) (f : Module.Basis J M.carrier) :

                The product of carrier bases is a basis of the orthogonal sum carrier.

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                  theorem TauCeti.IntegralLattice.orthogonalSumBasis_apply_inl {V : Type u} {W : Type v} [AddCommGroup V] [Module V] [AddCommGroup W] [Module W] {I : Type w} {J : Type x} (L : IntegralLattice V) (M : IntegralLattice W) (e : Module.Basis I L.carrier) (f : Module.Basis J M.carrier) (i : I) :
                  (L.orthogonalSumBasis M e f) (Sum.inl i) = (L.orthogonalSumInl M) (e i)
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                  theorem TauCeti.IntegralLattice.orthogonalSumBasis_apply_inr {V : Type u} {W : Type v} [AddCommGroup V] [Module V] [AddCommGroup W] [Module W] {I : Type w} {J : Type x} (L : IntegralLattice V) (M : IntegralLattice W) (e : Module.Basis I L.carrier) (f : Module.Basis J M.carrier) (j : J) :
                  (L.orthogonalSumBasis M e f) (Sum.inr j) = (L.orthogonalSumInr M) (f j)
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                  The integral form of an orthogonal sum is the sum of its two component forms.

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                  The integral norm of an orthogonal-sum vector is the sum of its component norms.

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                  The rank of an orthogonal sum is the sum of the ranks.

                  In product bases, the Gram matrix of an orthogonal sum is block diagonal.

                  The Gram determinant of an orthogonal sum in product bases is the product of the two Gram determinants.

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                  The signed determinant of an orthogonal sum is multiplicative.

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                  The nonnegative discriminant of an orthogonal sum is multiplicative.

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                  An orthogonal sum is even exactly when both summands are even.

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                  The block-diagonal form is nondegenerate exactly when both component forms are nondegenerate.

                  The ambient form of an orthogonal sum is nondegenerate exactly when both summand forms are.

                  The orthogonal sum of two nondegenerate integral lattices is nondegenerate.

                  Radical and signature #

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                  The radical of an orthogonal sum is the product of the component radicals.

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                  The positive index of an orthogonal sum is the sum of the positive indices.

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                  The negative index of an orthogonal sum is the sum of the negative indices.

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                  The null index of an orthogonal sum is the sum of the null indices.

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                  The signature of an orthogonal sum is the componentwise sum of the two signatures.

                  Isometries of orthogonal sums #

                  The orthogonal sum of two integral-lattice isometries.

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                    theorem TauCeti.IntegralLattice.Isometry.orthogonalSum_apply {V : Type u} {W : Type v} [AddCommGroup V] [Module V] [AddCommGroup W] [Module W] {X : Type w} {Y : Type x} [AddCommGroup X] [Module X] [AddCommGroup Y] [Module Y] {L : IntegralLattice V} {M : IntegralLattice W} {L' : IntegralLattice X} {M' : IntegralLattice Y} (f : L.Isometry L') (g : M.Isometry M') (p : V × W) :
                    (f.orthogonalSum g) p = (f p.1, g p.2)

                    The product isometry acts componentwise on the ambient product.

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                    Product isometries commute with the first canonical carrier inclusion.

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                    Product isometries commute with the second canonical carrier inclusion.

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                    Product isometries commute with the canonical carrier-product equivalence.

                    Product isometries commute with the first canonical carrier projection.

                    Product isometries commute with the second canonical carrier projection.

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                    The product of identity isometries is the identity of the orthogonal sum.

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                    The inverse of a product isometry is the product of the inverse isometries.

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                    theorem TauCeti.IntegralLattice.Isometry.orthogonalSum_trans {V : Type u} {W : Type v} [AddCommGroup V] [Module V] [AddCommGroup W] [Module W] {X : Type w} {Y : Type x} {U : Type y} {Z : Type z} [AddCommGroup X] [Module X] [AddCommGroup Y] [Module Y] [AddCommGroup U] [Module U] [AddCommGroup Z] [Module Z] {L : IntegralLattice V} {M : IntegralLattice W} {L' : IntegralLattice X} {M' : IntegralLattice Y} {L'' : IntegralLattice U} {M'' : IntegralLattice Z} (f : L.Isometry L') (g : M.Isometry M') (f' : L'.Isometry L'') (g' : M'.Isometry M'') :

                    Product isometries preserve composition componentwise.

                    Orthogonal sum is commutative up to the canonical factor-swapping lattice isometry.

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                      The commutativity isometry swaps the two ambient components.

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                      The commutativity isometry exchanges the canonical carrier inclusions.

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                      The commutativity isometry exchanges the canonical carrier inclusions.

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                      The inverse commutativity isometry swaps the factors in the opposite order.

                      The commutativity isometry is natural with respect to isometries of both factors.

                      Orthogonal sum is associative up to the canonical reassociation lattice isometry.

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                        theorem TauCeti.IntegralLattice.Isometry.orthogonalSumAssoc_apply {V : Type u} {W : Type v} [AddCommGroup V] [Module V] [AddCommGroup W] [Module W] {U : Type y} [AddCommGroup U] [Module U] (L : IntegralLattice V) (M : IntegralLattice W) (N : IntegralLattice U) (p : (V × W) × U) :
                        (orthogonalSumAssoc L M N) p = (p.1.1, p.1.2, p.2)

                        The associativity isometry reassociates the three ambient components.

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                        The inverse associativity isometry restores left-associated products.

                        The associativity isometry is natural with respect to isometries of all three factors.